On November 24 and 25 of this year a conference was held at MERIT in Maastricht on the topic "Copyright and database protection, patents andresearch tools, and other challenges to the intellectual property system". It was the second meeting of the EPIP (European Policy for Intellectual Property) network, funded by the European Commission and lead by Dominique Foray and Jacques Mairesse. The partners of EPIP are IMRI from Université Paris-Dauphine in France, MERIT from University Maastricht in the Netherlands, INNO-tec from the Munich School of Management in Germany, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies in Italy, Roskilde University in Denmark, and the Santiago de Compostella University in Spain. For more information of the network, please visit the website at:
http://www.dauphine.fr/imri/EPIP/welcome.html.

The first EPIP meeting took place in Munich on the magnificent premises of the European Patent Office with over hundred participants, lawyers and economists, academics as well as practitioners (from the business world and the patent offices) from Europe and the United States. The papers presented at this conference touched upon many themes and challenges of the intellectual property rights system. The program of the Munich conference is also available on the website.

The second conference essentially focused on research tools and databases. Both research tools and databases are major inputs of science and technology. In the view of fostering their impact on the economy through commercialization, governments have allowed IP to be taken on certain inventions, in the form of patents (on research tools) and sui generic rights (data bases). Whereas the US pioneered the former, Europe is leading the latter. The central issue is to strike the balance right between the conditions needed for commercialization (which often requires some exclusivity) with the conditions associated with scientific progress (open access). Should Europe reform its database directive along the lines of the United States? What should be the legal environment for the commercialization and diffusion of public databases? Should research tools be exempted from patent protection or other intellectual property protection mechanisms for the sake of scientific and technological development?